I can identify the five barriers that my body used to defend itself against communicable diseases. Introduction to ncd epidemiology noncommunicable disease ncd. Noncommunicable diseases wma the world medical association. Students will learn about communicable and non communicable diseases, their causes, and ways to prevent the spread or development or these different conditions. Guidance note on the integration of noncommunicable diseases into the united nations development assistance framework. Examples include cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Notes on the selfassessment questions saqs for part 1.
Noncommunicable diseases ncds are chronic medical conditions or diseases which are noninfectious. These four diseases disease groups share a set of four risk factors. Unhealthy diets increased fat and sodium, with low fruit and vegetable intake. Death or disability at younger ages and rising healthcare costs resulting from ncds are causing severe.
Ncds or non communicable diseases are those conditions that are usually not passed on from one affected person to others, but are caused as a direct result of lifestyle and environmental factors. Epidemiology of infectious diseases lecture materials. Currently, noncommunicable diseases ncds especially cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease wrpo, 2012wrpo, 2012 kill around 38 million people each year. Noncommunicable diseases ncds, mainly diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases are the largest killers accounting for. Continued and intensified action to safeguard and accelerate these positive trends will be vital for saving lives and improving health globally and achieving the ambitious targets we have jointly set to beat ncds. Non communicable diseases are driven by seemingly unrelated causes such as rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population.
Causes of noncommunicable diseases the world counts. Aug 15, 2018 non communicable disease ncd are increasing in low and mid income countries lmics. Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases oxford. Communicable diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted and make people ill. Unit 5 will focus on the different ways that diseases can be spread or develop. These four diseasesdisease groups share a set of four risk factors. Keep changes of clothing on hand and store soiled items in a non absorbent container that can be sanit ized or discarded after use.
Ncds include parkinsons disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, alzheimers disease, cataracts, and others. Noncommunicable diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world. In this activity, students will be identifying common diseases they may come in contact with, describing the symptoms and identifying the disease as communicable or non. Taylor, lecturer in effective practice in youth justice, faculty of health and social care. Noncommunicable diseases ncds noncommunicable diseases 1 noncommunicable diseases ncds 2 noncommunicable diseases ncds is a disease which is not infectious. Ncds are the leading cause of death in the world, responsible for 63% of the 57 million deaths that occurred in 2008. Communicable disease control i preface this lecture note was written because there is currently no uniformity in the syllabus and, for this course additionally, available textbooks and reference materials for health students are scarce at this level and the depth of coverage in the area of communicable diseases and control in the higher. Who describes non communicable diseases or ncds for short, as generally diseases of long duration and generally slow progression, which require continuous care.
However, most of the common diseases in africa are. Lecture notes are health learning materials consisting of related discussion points for use by faculty as class lectures, student reading material, and study notes for the students. Taking these trends into consideration, the ethiopian federal ministry of health has included this module on non communicable diseases, emergency care and mental health in the education and training of its health extension practitioners, who provide health promotion and diseases prevention services throughout the rural areas of the country. Disease surveillance is a scientifically and legally established hallmark of population health whose goal is systematically collecting, interpreting and disseminating data to target and monitor interventions to reduce disease morbidity and mortality 1,2,3,4,5. Such diseases may result from genetic or lifestyle factors. A landscaping study 7 for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, before the end of 2012. Chronic non communicable diseases in low and middleincome countries. Video created by emory university for the course health in complex humanitarian emergencies. Nuisance diseases socalled nuisance diseases, such as scabies, head lice pediculosis, ringworm of the body or scalp, and pinworms are highly contagious and can cause problems in a groupcare setting. Acute communicable disease control manual b73 revisionaugust 2011 part iv.
Almost threequarters of ncd deaths occur in low and middleincome countries who, 2014a. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. Definition who, 2011 noncommunicable diseases ncds, also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. Some of the reasons for the non infectious disease are genetics, nutritional deficiency, age and sex of the individual and so on. Chronic conditions are characterized by the following. Communicable disease notes texas department of state. A noncommunicable disease is an illness that is caused by something other than a pathogen. Working closely with the world health organization, ncdrisc pools highquality population. Epidemics of noncommunicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or. Aside from chronic illnesses acquired through infection, many noncommunicable diseases ncds represent a significant threat to human health and development in todays world.
Every year in the americas, noncommunicable diseases ncds are. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 20. Noncommunicable disease ncd are increasing in low and mid income countries lmics. Even as infections and nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to death and disability, cardiovascular diseases cvds, cancers, diabetes, neuropsychiatric ailments, and other. Noncommunicable diseases, emergency care the open university. Jul 21, 2015 non communicable diseases are the leading killer today and are on the increase. Global trends in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Introduction to ndcs noncommunicable diseases ncds are diseases which are not communicable, associated with specific risk factors, take longer time to get manifested and which necessitate modification of normal life. Some of the major ncds are preceded by unhealthy behaviours followed by the emergence of south africa faces a race against time to reduce the risk factor. Overview of noncommunicable diseases and related risk. Noncommunicable diseases ncds represent the largest and even growing proportion of the global burden of disease.
Division of public health, marion county health department, communicable disease control program, in accordance with sec. Non modifiable risk factors a risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled by intervention. If you want to view the slides so they are full screen, click on the link that is below the prezi to be directed. The world health organization who is building a better future for people everywhere. Epidemics of non communicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. Juliet addo is a clinical lecturer in epidemiology in the department of non. Concepts on communicable diseases concepts on communicable. A noncommunicable disease ncd is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, ama degraft aikins and others published introduction.
Present content and examples by using lecture and group discussion. When a communicable disease is diagnosed or suspected. Most are noninfectious, although there are some non. Disease control, and communicable noncommunicable diseases. Ppt epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases powerpoint. Diseases caused by resistant bacteria are often difficult to treat and can be especially severe and prolonged. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Ncds or noncommunicable diseases are those conditions that are usually not passed on from one affected person to others, but are caused as a direct result of lifestyle and environmental factors. However, data is often either lacking or of low quality especially in low and middleincome countries lmics. Noncommunicable diseases world health organization. Hence, this process is known as a chain of transmission figure 1. Percent of population that consumed at least 60 g or more of pure alcohol on at.
Who notes that tobacco is the leading behavioral risk factor causing substantially large number of potentially preventable deaths worldwideone death every six seconds who, 2012. Non infectious are non communicable diseases and caused by a variety of reasons. Introduction to ncd epidemiology non communicable disease ncd. This consists of general nonspecific interventions that. Some noncommunicable diseases are more common than others. In the sphere handbook, non communicable diseases are described as including heart disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic renal failure, bronchial asthma, dialysis dependent chronic. Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that exists as a trophozoite and cyst. The noncommunicable disease risk factor collaboration ncdrisc is a global network of health scientists that provides data on risk factors for ncds in 200 countries and territories. Ncd non communicable diseases module participants manual. New technology needs for noncommunicable diseases in. Health lays the foundation for vibrant and productive communities, stronger economies, safer nations and a better world. The four main types of noncommunicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and stroke, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructed pulmonary. Who information note issue 1 final approved by adg.
Also known as chronic diseases, lifestyle diseases or noninfectious diseases they are of long duration and generally slow progression. Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Keep changes of clothing on hand and store soiled items in a nonabsorbent container that can be sanit ized or discarded after use. This chapter discusses the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases ncds which are the leading causes of death and disability at the global level and in most regions of the world. Knowledge regarding communicability of these lifestyle diseases was good among students, about 65. Overview of noncommunicable diseases and related risk factors. Noncommunicable diseases are the leading killer today and are on the increase. Taking these trends into consideration, the ethiopian federal ministry of health has included this module on noncommunicable diseases, emergency care and mental health in the education and training of its health extension practitioners, who provide health promotion and diseases prevention services throughout the rural areas of the country. Low and middleincome countries lmic are experiencing increasing disease burdens of ncds. Chronic noncommunicable diseases in low and middleincome. A related nonpathogenic strain is distinct epidemiologically and biologically from the. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 186k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. They are created using the same process as modules, except that initial drafts are from a. This chapter discusses the prevention and control of non communicable diseases ncds which are the leading causes of death and disability at the global level and in most regions of the world.
Feb 11, 2017 burden of non communicable diseases 4 who 2014 global burden of diseases country profileindia 5. Noncommunicable diseases ncds, also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. Achievements and challenges 91 introduction public health has had enormous triumphs in the fi eld of infectious disease control,1 as illustrated by the eradication of smallpox, the neareradication of poliomyelitis and the eye. Some of the reasons for the noninfectious disease are genetics, nutritional deficiency, age and sex of the individual and so on. Transmission is a process in which several events happen one after the other in the form of a chain. General assembly highlevel meeting on noncommunicable diseases. Nearly 80% of these deaths occurred in low and middle income countries. Common examples include stroke, heart attacks, diabetes, cancer, asthma and depression. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases increase at the same rate in low and highincome countries occurring among the same patient populations. Epidemics of noncommunicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. Outline what is noncommunicable diseases types of noncommunicable diseases diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. Communicable and non communicable diseases increase at the same rate in low and highincome countries occurring among the same patient populations, and it is fundamental to define an effective and. Noncommunicable diseases who regional office for africa.
Children and adults with these conditions except ringworm of the body and pinworms should be excluded until treated. Noninfectious are noncommunicable diseases and caused by a variety of reasons. I can identify the four pathogens virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa that cause communicable diseases. New technology needs for noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Describe what communicable diseases are explain the epidemiologic principles in control and prevention of communicable diseases describe the surveillance concepts as applied in communicable diseases name the notifiable diseases as stipulated in the public health act explain the approaches used in responding to epidemics. The greatest burden of ncds is from cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory illnesses. Our work touches lives around the world every day often in invisible ways. There are various diseasecausing agents ranging from bacteria and viruses to. Click start prezi and allow it a few seconds to load before attempting to scroll. In the sphere handbook, noncommunicable diseases are described as including heart disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic renal failure, bronchial asthma, dialysis dependent chronic.
Lecture notes ethiopia public health training initiative. Who describes noncommunicable diseases or ncds for short, as generally diseases of long duration and generally slow progression, which require continuous care. I can explain the differences between communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Adapted from the project protocol of initiative for cardiovascular health in the. These include a host of different conditions including chronic lung diseases, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Acute communicable diseases amebiasis page 1 amebiasis 1. General assembly highlevel meeting on non communicable diseases. Do not result from an acute infectious process are not communicable cause premature morbidity, dysfunction, and reduced quality of life usually develop and progress over long. Indeed, it society is the responsibility of all individuals, families, households, and communities. Jul 23, 2010 information note issue 1 23 july 2010 3. Population surveillance and chronic non communicable diseases. I can explain the differences between communicable and non communicable diseases. Who information note issue 1 final approved by adg corr 1.
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